THE NERVOUS SYSTEM   (Chapter 48, pp 1024-1041)

I. ORGANIZATION OF THE VERTEBRATE NERVOUS SYSTEM
  A. Nervous systems composed of three basic elements
    1. Brain: central processing region
    2. Nerves that bring information to the brain (afferent)
    3. Nerves that transmit commands from the brain (efferent)
  B. Evolutionary aspects
    1. Invertebrate nervous systems
    2. Evolution of vertebrate nervous system

II. MAMMALIAN NERVOUS SYSTEM
  A. Central 
    1. Brain 
    2. Spinal cord
  B. Peripheral 
    1. Sensory nerves
    2. Motor nerves
      a. voluntary action initiated from brain
      b. reflexes, by sensory/motor linkage in spine
  C. Autonomic — visceral control
    1. Parasympathetic system stimulates activity of normal body functions
          (Maintenance — homeostasis & regeneration)
    2. Sympathetic system mobilizes body for greater, emergency activity
    3. Neurotransmitters 

III. ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
  A. Basic organization
    1. Forebrain: cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, hypothalamus
    2. Midbrain: pathways connecting lower & higher centers
    3. Hindbrain: medulla, pons and cerebellum
    4. Spinal cord
    5. Reticular system: arousal and attention
    6. Limbic system
  B. Predominance of the cerebrum
    1. Two hemispheres; connected by nerve tract = corpus callosum
    2. Subdivided into lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
    3. Cerebral Cortex — Outer layer of cerebrum
      a. Highly convoluted surface; location of most neural activity
      b. Small portion of cerebral cortex is motor and sensory oriented
      c. Most of cortex represented by associative brains
  C. Complexity of neural networks
  D. Memory and learning

IV. DAMAGE TO NERVES
  A. Regeneration of severed nerves?
  B. Degenerative diseases affecting nerves
    1. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
    2. Myasthenia Gravis
    3. Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
    4. Parkinson's disease
    5. Alzheimer's disease