Self Quiz for Biology 1A: Osmoregulation and Temperature Control
1. The animals in which of these pairs have similar problems regulating water balance?
a) land animal and freshwater fish
b) salmon in fresh water and salmon in salt water
c) osmoconformer and freshwater fish
d) land animal and saltwater fish
e) freshwater fish and saltwater fish
2. Elasmobranchs living in a marine environment compensate for their hypotonic system relative to the sea by
a) drinking sea water
b) pumping Na
+
into the blood
c) excreting massive amounts of water
d) reabsorbing urea
e) none of the above
3. The earthworm excretory structure is considered to be
a) a protonephridium
b) an ananephridium
c) a metanephridium
d) a telonephridium
e) a antinephridium
4. The appropriate group of animals to examine to observe a Malpighian tubule would be
a) annelids
b) flatworms
c) birds
d) insects and other terrestrial arthropods.
e) amphibians
5. Uric acid is the nitrogenous waste excreted by birds, insects, and many reptiles. An advantage of excreting uric acid is that it ____ , but a disadvantage is that it _____ .
a) saves energy . . . . is highly toxic
b) saves water . . . . costs energy
c) is much more soluble in water than other wastes . . . . costs energy
d) is not very toxic . . . . wastes a lot of water
e)saves water . . . . is highly toxic
6. What conditions are responsible for the stimulation of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)?
a) a decrease in the blood pressure and/or blood volume in the afferent arteriole
b) an increase in blood pressure and/or blood volume within the heart
c) an increase in the solute concentration of the blood plasma
d) a decrease in the solute concentration of the blood plasma
e) consumption of alcohol
7. Which of the following is the most accurate and comprehensive description of the function of the kidneys?
a) breaking down body wastes
b) excreting wastes
c) regulating body fluid composition
d) producing urine
e) filtering the blood
8. In each nephron of the kidney, the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
a) break down harmful toxins and poisons.
b) refine and concentrate the urine for excretion.
c) reabsorb water into the blood.
d) reabsorb salts and nutrients.
e) filter the blood and capture the filtrate.
9. During kidney dialysis, blood and a dialyzing solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane. For kidney dialysis to work properly, the dialyzing solution should contain
a) a lower concentration of urea than blood.
b) a lower solute concentration than blood.
c) a higher concentration of urea than blood.
d) a much smaller volume of fluid than the blood passing through it.
e) a lower glucose concentration than blood.
10. The filtrate formed by the nephrons in the kidney is not the same as urine. The filtrate is refined and concentrated by the processes of ______ , forming the urine that leaves the body.
a) filtration and secretion
b) secretion and excretion
c) reabsorption and secretion
d) filtration and reabsorption
e) reabsorption and excretion
11. The loops of Henle in the kidneys of a desert kangaroo rat are much longer than those in a white laboratory rat because
a) the kangaroo rat cannot always find food.
b) the kangaroo rat is adapted to living in an environment where water is scarce.
c) the kangaroo rat has less stress and lower blood pressure.
d) the white rat's diet is much less varied than the kangaroo rat's.
e) the kangaroo rat produces more body wastes.
12. Diabetes insipidus is the result of a
lack
of
a) insulin
b) antidiuretic hormone
c) aldosterone
d) glucagon
e) blood glucose
13. Which of the following primarily involves heat transfer by convection?
a) As you lie on the sand, you can feel the sun's warm rays on your skin.
b) You sweat profusely as you mow the lawn on a hot summer day.
c) After sunset, you can feel heat from the warm pavement.
d) The water in the lake is so cold that your legs become numb.
e) You roll down the car window to let the cool breeze blow through.
14. Which of the following is an endotherm?
a) mouse
b) iguana
c) frog
d) trout
e) all of the above
15. A countercurrent heat exchanger enables an animal to
a) slow metabolism when food is not available.
b) reduce loss of heat to the environment.
c) produce more heat when needed.
d) increase heat loss by evaporation.
e) absorb heat from the environment.
16. Humid weather makes you feel warmer because humid air
a) interferes with heat loss by conduction.
b) prevents countercurrent heat exchange from occurring.
c) holds warm water vapor.
d) interferes with heat loss by evaporation.
e) increases metabolic heat production.
17. On a cold day, blood vessels in the skin
a) constrict, reducing heat loss from blood at the surface.
b) dilate, causing blood to pass through the cold skin more quickly.
c) dilate, preventing blood flow to the surface.
d) dilate, allowing blood to keep the skin warm.
e) constrict, forcing blood to flow through vessels in the skin.
18. By definition, an ectotherm
a) is cold-blooded.
b) obtains most of its heat from its environment.
c) has a body temperature that varies considerably.
d) is warm-blooded.
e) has no blood.
19. Which would have the toughest time surviving over the long term in the environment given?
a) an endotherm in a warm environment
b) an ectotherm in a warm environment
c) an osmoconformer in seawater
d) an osmoregulator in seawater
e) an ectotherm in a cold environment